Biography of Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, 1834–1914

 

Artemacy Wilkerson

Stories of Artemacy (Wilkerson) Stewart’s life, along with tributes to her remarkable character, are preserved in histories written by her posterity, all of whom describe her as a saintly woman who ministered in extraordinary ways to her large family and to her community. She had learned nursing skills and midwifery from her mother, Eliza (Followell) Wilkerson[1] and, in 1870, was the first midwife set apart at Kanab, Utah, considered an ecclesiastical calling. In the blessing given Artemacy at the time of her call, “she was promised inspiration in her calling and that she should get up from her sick bed to care for the sick and in so doing be healed.”[2] These promises were fulfilled many times and Artemacy assisted in the delivery of babies in Kanab up to 1903 and was still at the same job until she was eighty years old.[3]

Artemacy’s granddaughter, Tamar Stewart Hamblin, writes of her grandmother:

It doesn’t matter so much where or when we were born, I guess, as what we have accomplished in the time allotted us upon this earth. To me Grandma Macy, as I always thought of her, was one of the noblest women I ever knew, was ideal, the one I desired to emulate.

We all know she was born in the East and made the trek across the plains with her first husband [William Cassady] and Utah pioneers. It was about the time of the Gold Rush and her husband wished to go on to California, but her desire was to remain with the people she loved here in the valleys of the mountains, even though the separation was forever.[4]

To this poignant situation, another granddaughter, adds what Artemacy had told her:

Soon after the company’s arrival in Salt Lake City in 1852, Artemacy’s husband went to California. Grandma told me that he returned once, and she talked to him for a short time before he went back to California.[5]

One should not lightly gloss over the pain of such an irreconcilable issue for a twenty–year–old woman with a one–year–old son to have to suffer! In the anguish of such a difficult choice to make, she may well have considered what Jesus taught in Luke: “There is no [woman] that hath left house, or parents, or brethren, or [husband], or children, for the kingdom of God’s sake, Who shall not receive manifold more in this present time, and in the world to come life everlasting.”[6] Artemacy chose to stay with God and to seek first the kingdom of God with the Latter-day Saints in Zion, rather than seeking for riches in the gold fields of California with her first husband. The account of the remainder of Artemacy’s life, even though full of difficulties, makes a case that those promises in Luke were fulfilled in the rich family relationships and neighborly friendships Artemacy developed in this life that would last into eternity. Tamar continues:

Here proved to be the place where she could perform the mission for which she was created, and I don’t think any human being ever did it more thorough than she.[7]

Given her circumstances, Artemacy petitioned for and was granted her divorce on 29 December 1854.[8] Now a divorcée with a small child, and with the practice of plural marriage then authorized among the Latter-day Saints, Tamar shares the solution that Artemacy and her family chose. “After her divorce, Artemacy became the plural wife of Levi Stewart, her own sister Margery being his wife then living.”[9] On December 31, 1854 Artemacy was married to Levi Stewart in the Endowment House, in a ceremony performed by Brigham Young.[10] Her sister Margery had been married to Levi in 1852, so the two sisters and their children lived together in the Stewart home on State Street and Fourth South in Salt Lake City.

[11]

In the beginning of her life sketch of Artemacy (Wilkerson) Stewart, her granddaughter Artemacy (Mariger) [Matey] Young, a dedicated family genealogist for many years, writes that “there is very little information available about the early life of my grandmother, Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart…but will tell the facts as they are known to me.”              

Various state, county and court records show that the Wilkerson family settled in Virginia in the 1600s or the early 1700s. David Wilkerson, Artemacy’s grandfather, enlisted in the Revolutionary War at the age of 15. He was in Regiment of Horse, commanded by Col. William Washington, [Gen. George Washington’s cousin]. He enlisted at Bowling Green, Virginia and was honorably discharged at Nelson Ferry in South Carolina after serving more than three years.

The family is found later in North Carolina and then in Kentucky. Artemacy’s father Thomas Wilkerson, who married Eliza Fallowell, moved to Indiana about 1818 and Artemacy was born there October 5, 1834. The Fallowell family was one of the first to settle in this country and… were historical figures in the early days of New England and New York state,” although essential records have not surfaced to prove Artemacy’s direct Fallowell/Followell lineage prior to about 1732 in Virginia.

“Both Thomas Wilkerson and Eliza Fallowell had been married previously, she to James Hampton, whose first wife was Linda Fallowell, Eliza’s sister. Eliza had a daughter Lucinda Hampton, who was sealed to her and Thomas Wilkerson. 

Eliza (Followell) (Hampton) Wilkerson

Thomas Wilkerson’s first wife was Effie Forehand. I found no record of any children having been born of this union, and [I[ could not find any other information concerning Eliza’s and Thomas’s first marriages. The above data was taken from the records of Thomas Wilkerson and given to me by the genealogist for that family.[12]

An unofficial copy of the marriage record to Effie Forehand has since been found.[13] The marriage of Thomas Wilkerson to Eliza took place in Bartholomew, Indiana. This image of the record of marriage gives the following data.[14]

[15]

There is a treasured photograph of the Wilkerson daughters, Margery, Artemacy and their younger sister Sarah Elizabeth Wilkerson, [Lizzie] who married Freeman Everton Tanner and lived in Payson, Utah.

The Wilkerson Sisters

Granddaughter Matey continues the narrative:

In 1865, at the request of Brigham Young, the family moved to Cottonwood in Salt Lake County where Levi Stewart was in charge of setting up and operating a paper mill for the Church. They had a very comfortable home in pleasant surroundings, but in 1870 Levi was called by President Young to lead a party and make a settlement in Kanab, Utah.

Artemacy stayed in Cottonwood for a while and took care of all the children except three of Margery’s who went with their mother in the first party. After Grandma and the other children went to Kanab, her son William Jackson Cassady died at Beaver, Utah. He was moving to Kanab with his wife and baby son. He died November 14, 1870, just one month to the day before the fire that destroyed part of Kanab Fort and took six lives.

We all know the story of the fire and the sorrow it brought into the lives of Levi Stewart, Artemacy and all of Levi’s remaining children. Those lost in the fire were Levi’s wife and Artemacy’s sister Margery, three of her sons, a son of Levi by his first wife Melinda Howard Stewart and Grandma [Artemacy]’s thirteen–year–old son Urban Van Stewart.

Moses Franklin Farnsworth who married Jane, the [eldest] daughter of Levi and Melinda Stewart, went to Kanab with the original party to be the schoolteacher. In his journal he gave an account of the fire, and in reading it one realizes the horror and sorrow experienced by the family and their friends.[16]

As a son-in-law of Levi Stewart, Farnsworth’s account from his biography preserves the family perspective:

Soon after this a very sad thing happened. On the 14th of December about 3 a.m. a fire alarm was sounded. The fire had started in house in the northwest corner of the fort, used as a storage room by Bishop Stewart, and also a sleeping room for the boys. My little son, Frank, awoke me by saying, ‘Father, the house is on fire.’ I sprang from my bed, pulled on my boots, and ran for the burning house. My wife being sick, I had laid down at 12 o’clock with my clothes on. It took three of us to effect an entrance on the north, by throwing down a big pine log and removing the chinking from the window. I looked in and called but there was no answer and only a mass met my view. Everyone worked with a will, doing what he could to extinguish the flames. In a moment ‘Eke’ Stout came running out of the burning mess with little Lonny Stewart. Stout was a mass of flames and his head resembled a big cotton ball on fire. The blaze of his clothing and head was quickly put out. The burn on his back was deep, his clothing, which must have been saturated with coal or turpentine, serving as a wick [to hold the flame, and his face was so badly burned that he presented a most pitiful sight.

With the weight of dirt on it the roof soon fell in, which made a smoldering fire on which we continued to pour water.

The most remarkable part is yet to be told. Under the bed were two kegs of blasting powder; on a shelf near the door were cans of coal oil and one can of turpentine, each containing five gallons. The oil and turpentine exploded and must have prevented a [full] explosion. One of the kegs had the plug out and the head and hot nail fell on the hole and burned the hole and burned the board until the nail lay at an angle of near forty degrees but did not touch the powder. Had there been an explosion the whole fort would have been destroyed and no doubt many [more] lives lost. Those of the family that were burned to death were Margery Wilkerson, wife of Bishop Levi Stewart, born Nov. 16, 1832, Levi, born May 5, 1848, Charles C., born Feb. 8, 1857, Heber C., born Sept. 25, 1841, Edward I., born Feb. 23, 1863, and Urban Van, born Dec. 30, 1857, all sons of Bishop Levi Stewart.

When we dug the bodies out from the building it was a sight that was heart-rending, shocking and sickening.

Appropriate services were held over the remains of the dead, and they were consigned to mother earth, and we turned our attention to the living. All hands turned out and we cleared away the debris of the fire and commenced building a stone schoolhouse on the site of the ruins and it was bitter cold.  From the biography of Moses Frankin Farnsworth, born Feb. 5, 1834.[17]

Kanab Schoolhouse, site of the fort fire[18]

Matey continues her account:

When the fire took place, Artemacy was ill but she got up and took all the remaining children into her care. Until I was almost a grown woman, I did not know which of my uncles and aunts were Grandma’s children and which were her sister’s. She spent a lot of time in our home and I know she was just as concerned with the welfare of one as another. In looking back, I cannot recall that Grandma ever made an unkind remark about any of the children. She defended one and all and did it with great spirit.

To go back to the fire-—it started about 4:00 a.m. the morning of December 14, 1870. My mother, who was Sarah Stewart, told me that she and her half–sister Luella had the giggles the evening of the 13th. Their eyes happened to meet while the blessing on the food was being asked and the two girls burst out laughing. Their mothers were shocked, but Levi Stewart paid no attention until the blessing was finished and then he said quietly, ‘Such unseemly laughter often turns to tears.’ In a few hours the fire started and soon many, many tears had been shed.[19]

Tamar picks up the narrative:

On December 14, 1870 the tragedy of the fire that took sister and children was one of the saddest days of her life, but in relating it to me she said, ‘Yes, Tamar, I have buried them in nearly every way possible, but I thank my Heavenly Father I never had a suicide. Her sorrows were many but her faith in an overruling hand put a purpose in everything she undertook.

She was set apart as a midwife by the priesthood of God and in the blessing given her, the promise was that she should get up from her sick bed to attend the sick and be healed in doing it. I, myself, saw this verified when father [W. T. Stewart] wrapped her in a quilt and carried her to John Findlay’s buggy to attend the birth of Aunt Leah’s first baby.[20] The account published in History of Kane County, quotes another version in which Tamar adds that “John was being told she wasn’t able when she heard him. She called to her [step]son, ‘Tommy, come here.’ She had him wrap her in a quilt and carry her to the buggy although he was afraid she wouldn’t survive the ordeal. In a few days she came back to us healed.[21]

Her method of helping the sick was first a silent prayer for guidance. She said many times she was inspired just what to do and never did it fail to help her to save the sick.[22] 

Artemacy was known for her compassionate care, having been well acquainted with the pain of the loss of loved ones. In Salt Lake she had buried three children, Mary Artimacy, Seymour Alexander, both at about age one and a half, and Ellen Lenora at age two months. Her son by her first husband, William Jackson Cassady, died on 14 November 1870 while en route to join the family at Kanab. As a result of the tragic fire on December 14, 1870, Artemacy had buried at the old city cemetery at Kanab, her son Urban Van Stewart (named for his uncle), her sister Margery and four stepsons, sons of her husband Levi Stewart.

Original Grave Marker for six of Levi’s family who were “ravished by fire”

While on a trip with others to Salt Lake to pick up supplies to sell at the mercantile he and his son-in-law Lawrence Mariger had begun, Levi died 14 June 1878 at Black Rock, Johnson Canyon in Kane County. He was buried in the Kanab Cemetery and on 16 June 1878 he was laid to rest next to Margery and his five sons. Four and a half years later, on December 10, 1882, Artemacy’s father, Thomas Wilkerson, passed away and only twenty-six days after that her mother, Eliza (Followell) Wilkerson, followed her husband in death. More than once, grief for Artemacy came with several losses at once.

Memorial Grave Marker for Thomas and Eliza Wilkerson

Granddaughter Matey preserves a tender story related to these deceased loved ones:

In Kane County and elsewhere Grandma was known as ‘Aunt Macy.’ She was a midwife and a nurse and spent many hours and days caring for the sick.

A short time ago I had the opportunity of reading some of the journals of the early settlers of Kanab. Time and again there were entries by various people saying Aunt Macy was sent for as a member of the family was very ill or the wife was in labor.

Mrs. James Bunting wrote that Aunt Macy had had a bad experience. She went to attend a woman who lived on the edge of town. There was a heavy snowstorm with high winds that night. The baby arrived soon after midnight and when Grandma finished her work, she insisted on leaving for home because one of the children was not well. Soon she was lost in the blizzard and one of the Stewart boys found her at daybreak clinging to the cemetery fence.[23]

Granddaughter Tamar adds to the story: “When telling it the next day, someone asked [if she was afraid]. ‘Why should I be?’ she said. ‘All my dear ones were sleeping there.’[24]

The History of Kane County tells how Artemacy’s husband Levi “had a knowledge of the use of herbs, as also has his son John R. Stewart, who was a great student and pretty well read in medicine for that time. She often went to them for advice and aid.” The account continues:

At one time [Artemacy] was called to the bedside of two young women the same day to deliver their first babies. It was a cold snowy day in December and a number of blocks from one place to the other; so the expectant fathers kept a horse saddled waiting at the gate. She was a small woman but very active. Putting her up behind them, they conveyed her back and forth to watch her patients. She delivered two baby girls that today are mothers and grandmothers.

She often said in after years, ‘Many times when it seemed that I would fail in my endeavors I have bowed my head in my hands and asked God for that inspiration promised me. It never failed to come.’ A little child’s scarlet fever was broken up with a tea of peach tree twigs in February. A little girl’s burnt back was relieved by taking the skin of a cat while it was still warm and covering the burn. When the skin was removed, the gangrene poison was drawn out. The child recovered.

She delivered babies in Kanab up to 1903 and was still at the same job until she was eighty years old.[25]

Matey (Mariger) Young, grew up in Kanab until she was about age three and a half so this may be her own memory of which she writes:

Times were hard in the early days of Kanab. The settlers were menaced by the Indians and food was scarce. The evening meal consisted of mush, as it was called. Mother said she would never forget the day that a barrel of sugar arrived in Kanab and Grandma let each child sprinkle a little on their mush.[26]

In 1891, Matey’s parents, Sarah and her husband Lawrence Mariger, who was Artemacy’s eldest daughter, “decided to move to Salt Lake where [the] family could have better opportunity for learning and culture. Here they lived in the 8th Ward for a while, then in the 10th Ward, until a new home was finished at 48 East 11th South Street (now 17th South). The old home was torn down about a year ago in 1961.”[27] Matey tells that after her family was in Salt Lake, Grandma Macy visited from time to time.

As I have said, Grandma lived with us off and on for many years. I remember when I was very young, how every Saturday she took us children, one after another, and put us into a tub of water and really scrubbed us. I am sure we were the cleanest children in Salt Lake City—at least we were for a time each Saturday.

Grandma had what I always think of as a loving scolding manner when she thought the occasion demanded it. When my sisters Aurora and Vera and I were in our teens, she used to come [to the] stairs at 6 a.m. and call, ‘Girls, it is time you were up. What do you mean by staying in bed so late? You get up right now and get your father’s breakfast ready.’ Maybe we had been out the evening before and 6 a.m. seemed like the middle of the night to us, but we always got up and staggered down to the kitchen. No one ever thought of disobeying Grandma.

It was while she was with us in Salt Lake in 1896 that her son Benjamin died from the effects of an accident. He was hauling freight in Wyoming and the wagon went off a dug-way and he was pinned under the wagon box for more than twenty–four hours before he was found.

Through all her trials, Grandma never gave up and, except when she was disciplining the children, she was very cheerful and seemed to be quite happy. She was the most energetic woman I ever knew. She was small and very slender, but she never was idle. After a full day of hard work in the house, she sat near the lighted lamp and mended our clothes in the evenings. One of her greatest pleasures was to have someone read to her while she worked….We hear of people standing up bravely under their troubles. To me Grandma was one of the bravest.

In her last years, she lived with her daughter Ethel Stewart Henrie…Grandma passed away at the Kiernan Ranch in Nevada in December of 1914. She was buried at Alamo, Nevada.

Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart’s Headstone 

When my father Lawrence Mariger was on his death bed he said, ‘Aunt Macy was one of the best women that ever lived.’ I am sure that her descendants and the descendants of all the children she mothered will agree with this statement.[28]

To have a clear perspective of why Artemacy held such a revered place as matriarch among all the descendants of Levi Stewart, Artemacy outlived Levi Stewart by 36 years. She outlived Margery by 44 years. She outlived Melinda by 61 years. She was mother to Levi’s surviving children from 1870 on and the grandmother and great-grandmother to his posterity that the younger generations really knew. When the articles say she was a midwife to age 80, it means that she died with her ministering boots on, still serving as long as possible.

As if the Stewarts had not done enough pioneering already, Artemacy’s stepson, William Thomas Stewart, on 18 April 1901 purchased “the Pierson Ranch and other lands in Pahranagat Valley, Lincoln County, Nevada. Along with Mike Botts, who was a friend, and Albert Riggs, a brother-in-law, they moved all their household goods with teams and wagon, and they drove their cattle the long, dusty, hot trail from Kanab to the valley.”[29]

The Alamo town website says that Tommy, with three other men, laid out the new town of Alamo, Nevada. Nestled in the Pahranagat Valley, and about 90 miles north of Las Vegas, it was an ideal place for ranching[30] and for raising their families. The same year, Artemacy’s son David Brinton Stewart also brought his family to Alamo. A few years later, Artemacy’s youngest child, Ethel moved with her family to Caliente, Lincoln, Nevada, about fifty miles from Alamo where Tommy’s family lived. Tommy’s daughter, Tamar (Stewart) Hamblin, married the year before so stayed in Kanab while other family members moved to Nevada. She ends her history of Artemacy by paying these compliments to her grandmother Macy:

I and my two older children owe our lives to her perseverance, for it was critical cases and in after years when Aunt Zelpha Young took care of me after she had given me a bath, I said that was just like Grandma. Her answer was, ‘That’s the greatest compliment I ever had.’ Some of this woman’s children today tell how they owe their lives to Grandma.

Aunt Sarah, her oldest daughter, asked Grandpa [Levi] why her mother always stayed home. He said, ‘There isn’t any woman I ever admired or loved more than your mother. Her greatness consists in she demands so little and gives so much.’ How true! She demanded so little and gave so much.

She served as first Relief Society president in Kanab,[31] brought a family of children into the world, was mother to her sister’s children in word and deed as they grew up, in spite of her other activity.

After moving away from Kanab, she was brought back by Aunt Ethel in 1902.

Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart 

Aunt Harriet Brown, one of our old pioneer settlers, invited them with one of her own daughters to dinner. The three visitors sat down to sew on a rag carpet that was lying handy, when Aunt Harriet came in, she put her arms around Grandma and said, ‘Aunt Macy, I didn’t invite you here to sew or for a grand dinner, but to tell you in words before your daughter and mine what an angel of mercy you have been in my family. And as far as words can show appreciation, girls, she has been my guardian angel ever since I moved to Kanab; first in my sorrows, first in my joys—in all my family illness and misfortunes—so I love her and pray God to bless her, as she has been a blessing to this town.’ I think the echo of those words must ring in the ledges of these old red hills, coming from the hearts of all who dwelt here in her day. For many have praised her and called her blessed.

On the lid of her casket was the word ‘Mother’ and as my father saw it—W. T. Stewart—before all assembled, he said, ‘If ever the word was deserved, it was her perfect right, as her whole life was one of guarding, guiding and leading children of Grandfather’s family, administrating and waiting on them always.

With all she did she was a lady Queen. No one could ever grace a throne or wear a crown of jewels with more dignity than Grandma Macy.[32]

(David King Udall and Ella Stewart Udall)

---

[1] “Biographical Sketch of Margery Wilkerson,” Scudder Family Historical & Biographical Journal, Scudder Association Foundation, volume 3, no. 3, (Summer/Fall 2021), 

[2] Adonis Findlay Robinson comp. and ed., History of Kane County, (Published by Kane County Daughters of Utah Pioneers, Salt Lake City, Ut.: Utah Printing Company, 1970), 76.

[3] Robinson, 77.

[4] Tamar Stewart Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart,” Stewart family histories.

[5] “Artemcy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young,” Stewart family histories.

[6] Luke 18: 29–30, New Testament, Holy Bible.

[7] Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart,”

[8] Artemacy Wilkerson Cassady, DIVORCE PETITION, Granted 29 December 1854:

To the Judge of the Probate Court, Dec 1854, Territory of Utah, Great Salt Lake County, Utah The undersigned your petitioner would respectfully represent that she is the wife of William H. Casaday to whom she was married in Adams County, Illinois, the fifteenth day of March 1850, and that in the year 1852 he removed with your petitioner from the State of Illinois to this territory arriving in Great Salt Lake City, on the 4th of October of that year (1850). And your petitioner further saith that in the month of April 1853 the said Casaday left your petitioner and went to the state of California with the intention as your petitioner verily believed, of returning to his family again in the course of a year or thereabouts, as that was his avowed intention at that time. And your petitioner further saith that after leaving as before stated, he the said Cassaday continued to write to your petitioner regularly till the month of May last. After which your petitioner heard nothing from him till the month of November when she received a letter from him informing her that he did not intend to return to this Territory. But was going home to Illinois or into Southern Califrornia among the Spaniards and wishing that your petitioner would go to that Country to reside with him. Which she has no desire to do, and can not trust in his promises any more, and therefore comes and asks that a decree of the Probate Court for Great Salt lake County may be made disolving the bonds of matrimony existing between her and the said William H. Cassaday in accordance with the laws of this Territory and also that the custody and control of her son, William Jackson Cassady aged two years the 8th day of July last, be given to her, and further asks for every relief in the promises that legally and equitably belong to her, as she is destitute of the means of support, the said Cassaday leaving her in a destitute situation and has sent her nothing since he went to California, tho he promised faitufully to do so, at the time of leaving and has renewed that promise several times by letter, but has never sent her one cent in consequence of which she is compeled to ask for the relief proivded by the State of the Territory of Utah in such care made and provided. Her Artemacy X Cassaday Mark Subscribed and sworn to before me this 29th day of Dec 1854 W. Smith Probate Judge BILL OF DIVORCE: The Probate Court for the Great Salt Lake County of the Territory of Utah, Dec 1854 Artemacy Cassaday vs William H. Cassaday This case came on for hearing in the Probate Court for Great Salt Lake County, Utah on the twenty ninth day of December 1854 upon the petition of the plaintiff and upon the investigation of the eas??espate, the defendant being a non resident of the Territory of Utah and hearing the testimony in the case being fully advised in the promises the Court ordered and decreed that the bonds of matrtimony existing between the said Artimacy Cassaday and William H. Cassaday be forever dissolved. And it was further ordered by the Court that the Plaintiff Artimacy Cassaday shall have the custody and control of her son William Jackson Cassaday born July 8th 1853 until otherwise ordered by the Court and that the Defendant pay the cost of suit. E. Smith Probate Judge.

[9] Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart.”

[10] “Transcript of marriage record at the Endowment House, Salt Lake City, 31 December 1854, https://www.familysearch.org/photos/artifacts/10657390?p=21448174&returnLabel=Artemacy%20Wilkerson%20(KWJZ-QBM)&returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.familysearch.org%2Ftree%2Fperson%2Fdetails%2FKWJZ-QBM.

[11] Receipt for Levi Stewart and Artemacy Wilkerson sealing, Ella (Stewart) Udall papers.

[12] “Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young.”

[13] Thomas Wilkerson, “Kentucky Marriages, 1785–1979,” Oct 1817, Muhlenberg, Kentucky, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:FWYP-G4N. This record has an image.

[14] Thomas Wilkerson, Indiana Marriages,” 21 September 1827, Bartholomew, Indiana, https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:XXBS-1XG.

[15] Ibid.

[16] “Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young.”

[17] “Biography of Moses Franklin Farnsworth, born Feb. 5, 1834,” Stewart family papers.

[18] Robinson, 37.

[19] “Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young.”

[20] Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart.”

[21] Rachel Stewart Hamblin, quoted in Findlay, 76.

[22] Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart.”

[23] Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young.”

[24] Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart.”

[25] Robinson, 76–77.

[26] “Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young.”

[27] Mark F. Mariger, “A Chronological History of Lawrence Christian Mariger, Stewart family papers.

[28] Artemacy Wilkerson Stewart, by her granddaughter Artemacy (Matey) Mariger Young.”

[29] Mary Stewart Lee and Marion Stewart Peterson, History of William Thomas Stewart, (Provo, Ut.: Published by William Thomas Stewart Family Organization, Printed by J. Grant Stevenson, 1972), 41.

[30] “The town of Alamo,” Lincoln County, Nevada.com, https://web.archive.org/web/20111020083236/http://www.lincolncountynevada.com/Lincoln-County-Nevada-Alamo.html.

[31] “Relief Society, organized in 1842, “The Relief Society is a philanthropic and educational women’s organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, now has more than 7 million members in over 188 counties and territories. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_Society. Each church unit has a local Relief Society organization to serve the needs of its members and communities..

[32] Hamblin, “A Tribute to the Memory of Artimacy W. Stewart.”